The Norman Conquest of 1066 left an indelible mark on the history and landscape of Britain. The Normans, led by William the Conqueror, transformed the country with their ambitious castle-building projects, which served as symbols of their power and dominance. Today, these magnificent structures stand as testaments to the skill and ingenuity of Norman architects and builders. In this blog post, we‘ll take you on a journey through 15 of the most impressive and historically significant Norman sites in Britain, with a special focus on the awe-inspiring castles that dot the English countryside.
1. Windsor Castle
No list of Norman sites in Britain would be complete without mentioning Windsor Castle, the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world. Although much of the current structure dates from later periods, the original Norman motte-and-bailey castle was built by William the Conqueror in the 11th century. Today, visitors can explore the castle‘s rich history, admire its stunning architecture, and even catch a glimpse of the royal family, as it remains an official residence of the British monarch.
2. Durham Castle and Cathedral
The UNESCO World Heritage Site of Durham Castle and Cathedral is a prime example of Norman grandeur. The castle, founded in 1072, served as the residence of the Prince-Bishops of Durham, who wielded both religious and political power. The adjacent cathedral, built in the late 11th century, is a masterpiece of Norman Romanesque architecture, featuring massive stone pillars, intricate carvings, and a breathtaking vaulted ceiling.
3. Rochester Castle
Located in Kent, Rochester Castle is one of the best-preserved examples of a Norman stone castle in England. The imposing keep, built in the 12th century, stands at an impressive 113 feet tall and features walls up to 12 feet thick. Visitors can climb to the top of the keep for stunning views of the surrounding area and learn about the castle‘s turbulent history, which includes multiple sieges and battles.
4. Kenilworth Castle
Founded in the 1120s, Kenilworth Castle in Warwickshire is a testament to the enduring legacy of Norman castle-building. Although much of the castle was modified and expanded over the centuries, the mighty Norman keep still stands at the heart of the complex. Visitors can explore the extensive ruins, including the great hall, Tudor gardens, and the Elizabethan gatehouse, which offers a glimpse into the castle‘s later history.
5. Norwich Castle
Built by William the Conqueror‘s son, William II, Norwich Castle is a stunning example of a Norman royal palace. The castle‘s impressive great tower, constructed in the 12th century, now houses a museum that showcases the region‘s rich history, from ancient times to the present day. Visitors can also explore the castle‘s dungeons, battlements, and interactive exhibits that bring the Norman era to life.
6. Carisbrooke Castle
Situated on the Isle of Wight, Carisbrooke Castle has a history that spans over 1,000 years. The Norman keep, built in the 12th century, is surrounded by impressive fortifications that have been updated and expanded over the centuries. The castle is perhaps best known as the place where King Charles I was imprisoned before his execution in 1649, but its Norman roots are still evident in the well-preserved keep and curtain walls.
7. Chepstow Castle
Chepstow Castle, located in Monmouthshire, Wales, is one of the oldest surviving post-Roman stone fortifications in Britain. The castle was founded by William FitzOsbern, a close friend and advisor to William the Conqueror, in 1067. The Norman great tower, built in the 11th century, is a highlight of the castle, offering stunning views of the River Wye and the surrounding countryside.
8. Ludlow Castle
Ludlow Castle, situated in Shropshire, was founded by Walter de Lacy, a Norman nobleman, in the late 11th century. The castle played a significant role in English history, serving as a royal palace, a seat of government, and a symbol of power and prestige. Today, visitors can explore the castle‘s extensive ruins, including the Norman keep, great hall, and circular chapel, while learning about its fascinating history.
9. Hedingham Castle
Built in the 12th century by the de Vere family, Hedingham Castle in Essex is a fine example of a Norman motte-and-bailey castle. The castle‘s most striking feature is its nearly 110-foot tall Norman keep, which is one of the best-preserved in England. Visitors can climb to the top of the keep for breathtaking views of the surrounding countryside and explore the castle‘s landscaped gardens and woodland walks.
10. Castle Acre Priory
While not a castle, Castle Acre Priory in Norfolk is a fascinating example of Norman monastic architecture. Founded in 1090 by William de Warenne, a Norman nobleman, the priory was home to a community of Cluniac monks until its dissolution in 1537. Today, visitors can explore the extensive ruins, including the impressive west front of the priory church, the cloisters, and the prior‘s lodgings, while learning about the daily life of medieval monks.
11. Framlingham Castle
Located in Suffolk, Framlingham Castle is a stunning example of a late Norman castle, with its impressive curtain walls and 13 towers. The castle has a rich history, having served as a royal residence, a stronghold during the Tudor period, and even a poorhouse in the 17th century. Today, visitors can walk along the castle walls, explore the museum housed in the medieval workhouse, and enjoy stunning views of the surrounding countryside.
12. Richmond Castle
Richmond Castle, situated in North Yorkshire, is one of the oldest Norman stone fortresses in England, founded by Alan Rufus, a relative of William the Conqueror, in the late 11th century. The castle‘s impressive keep, known as the Great Tower, stands at nearly 100 feet tall and offers stunning views of the town and the River Swale. Visitors can also explore the castle‘s extensive curtain walls, gardens, and exhibition spaces that delve into its fascinating history.
13. Etal Castle
Etal Castle, located in Northumberland, is a lesser-known but equally impressive Norman site. Built in the 14th century by Robert Manners, a Norman nobleman, the castle features a well-preserved tower house and curtain walls. Visitors can explore the castle‘s ruins, learn about its role in the border conflicts between England and Scotland, and enjoy the picturesque setting along the River Till.
14. Orford Castle
Orford Castle in Suffolk is a unique example of a Norman castle, with its polygonal keep that stands at an impressive 90 feet tall. Built in the 12th century by Henry II, the castle served as a royal fortress and a symbol of power and authority. Today, visitors can climb to the top of the keep for stunning views of the coast and explore the castle‘s exhibition spaces that delve into its rich history.
15. Conisbrough Castle
Conisbrough Castle, located in South Yorkshire, is a stunning example of a Norman stone castle, with its iconic cylindrical keep that stands at nearly 100 feet tall. Built in the 12th century by Hamelin Plantagenet, the castle has a rich history that includes multiple sieges and battles. Visitors can explore the castle‘s ruins, climb to the top of the keep for breathtaking views, and learn about its fascinating history through interactive exhibits and guided tours.
These 15 Norman sites offer a glimpse into the rich history and architectural legacy of the Norman Conquest. From the grandeur of Windsor Castle to the lesser-known gems like Etal Castle, each site has its own unique story to tell. Whether you‘re a history buff, an architecture enthusiast, or simply looking for a fascinating day out, these Norman castles and sites are sure to leave a lasting impression. So why not plan your own Norman adventure and discover the enduring legacy of the Conquerors for yourself?
